|
The uterus must be able to accept
and support a developing embryo which implants in its
lining. Abnormalities of the uterus can cause infertility
by interfering with embryo implantation and fetal growth.
Uterine factor infertility is relatively uncommon occurring
in less than 5% of women.
Sometimes a woman will be born with
a misshapen uterus, such as the bicornuate or horned
uterus, which will sometimes be corrected surgically.
Large polyps and fibroids can also interfere with fetal
growth and are removed usually via the
laparoscopy.
Severe pelvic infections (pelvic
inflammatory disease) caused by a variety of microorganisms
can permanently damage the uterus and tubes. Cancer
treatment may also require the removal of the uterus.
When the uterus is absent or severely damaged the only
option is to use the services of a surrogate using IVF.
A surrogate is a woman who carries the baby to term
and delivery. See our section on surrogacy for more
information.
Cervical Factor
Infertility
Sperm must swim in the cervical
mucus traveling from the vagina through the cervix and
into the uterus. Cervical mucus is produced by small
glands that line the cervix. The mucus must provide
nutritional support for sperm and be of the correct
consistency. Too little or "sticky" mucus
can interfere with sperm transport causing infertility.
When estrogen levels increase prior
to ovulation it causes increased mucus production and
the mucus becomes "watery" thus enhancing
sperm movement. Certain medications, such as Clomid
can adversely affect the mucus by causing it to thicken.
Sometimes antisperm antibodies are
found in the cervical mucus. These are antibodies produced
by the female that mistake sperm for invading pathogens.
When these antibodies are present numerous "dead"
or immobile sperm are seen in the post coital test.
Rarely, a man will produce antibodies to his sperm.
Cervical
factor infertility is often treated via intrauterine
insemination (IUI). Using this procedure, specially
prepared sperm are inserted directly into the uterus
using a small catheter. This avoids exposure of the
sperm to the cervical mucus and insures it reaches the
uterus.
Other Links:
|
